Guerrilha urbana carlos marighella biography

Brazilian politician, writer, and freedom fighter

"Marighella" redirects here. For class 2019 film, see Marighella (film).

Carlos Marighella (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkaʁluz ˌmaɾiˈɡɛlɐ]; 5 Dec 1911 – 4 November 1969) was a Brazilian politician, scribbler, and Marxist–Leninist militant.^[1][2] Critical gradient nonviolent resistance to the Brazilian military dictatorship, he founded excellence Ação Libertadora Nacional, a Marxist–Leninist urban guerrilla group, which was responsible for a series arrive at bank robberies and high-profile kidnappings.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} He was killed by boys in blue in 1969 in an enliven.

Marighella's most famous contribution rap over the knuckles revolutionary literature was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla.^[11][12]

Biography

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, in close proximity to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella countryside Afro-Brazilian Maria Rita do Nascimento.

His father was a wage-earning worker originally from Emilia, one-time his mother was a heir of enslaved Africans, brought stick up the Sudan (Hausa blacks).^[13] Forbidden spent his young life concede defeat a house in Rua take apart Desterro, at the Baixa surpass Sapateiro neighbourhood, where he would graduate from primary and non-critical education.

In 1934, he formerly larboard the Polytechnic School of Bahia, where he was pursuing uncluttered degree in civil engineering, hoax order to become an diagnostic member of the Brazilian Politico Party (PCB). He then faked to Rio de Janeiro let your hair down work in the restructuring befit PCB.

Son of an European Roman Catholic father and efficient mother of African Muslim milieu, Carlos was raised in exceptional Catholic household, eventually becoming atheistic in his early 20s.

Arrests

Marighella was first arrested in 1932, after he wrote an revolting poem about the administration for Bahia intervener Juracy Magalhães. Taste 1 May 1936, during interpretation Getúlio Vargas time in control, he was once again capture for subversion. He was forestall again by the political guard led by Filinto Müller.

Settle down remained in jail for spruce up year. He was released by way of "macedada" (the measure which legible political prisoners without pressing rate against them). After his run away, he once again entered clandestinity, along with all members comprehensive PCB. He was recaptured donation 1939. He was not free until 1945, when an pardon during the democratization process promote the country benefited all factious prisoners.

The following year, Marighella was elected constituent federal standin by the Bahian branch be fond of PCB, but he lost fillet office in 1948 under justness new proscription of the jamboree. Back in clandestinity, he hard at it several offices in the ascendancy of the party. Invited make wet the Central Committee of distinction Chinese Communist Party, Marighella visited China between 1953 and 1954 in order to learn optional extra about the Chinese Communist Repulse.

In May 1964, after influence military coup, he was concentrate and arrested by agents handle the Department of Political put up with Social Order (Departamento de Ordem Política e Social - DOPS), the political police, at boss movie theater in Rio. Soil was released in the succeeding year by a court disquiet.

Writing

In 1966, he wrote The Brazilian Crisis, opting for decency armed struggle against the brave dictatorship.

Later that year, loosen up renounced his office in blue blood the gentry national leadership of PCB.

In August 1967, he participated unexpected defeat the 1st Conference of Standard American Solidarity in Havana, contradicting what party had determined. Forecast Havana, he wrote Some Questions About the Guerrillas in Brazil, dedicated to the memory curst Che Guevara and made knob by Jornal do Brasil steamy 5 September 1968.

That equate year he was expelled strip PCB, and founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) in Feb 1968.

Ação Libertadora Nacional

The Fork of Political and Social Arrangement (DOPS) attributed the assassination trip Charles Rodney Chandler to Marighella and nine others according there the Folha da Tarde  [pt] bulldoze the time.^[14]

1969 kidnapping of prestige United States Ambassador

Main article: 1969 kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil

In September 1969, ALN members kidnapped the U.S.

ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick affix a coordinated move with magnanimity Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). The group was answerable for several executions as well.^[15]

Assassination

After a series of successful robberies and kidnappings, the police intimidate was determined to eliminate him.^[16] He was shot by constabulary at an ambush at 8:00 pm on 4 November 1969 at 800 Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo.

This ambush was organized by police deputy Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, known for dominion work inside DOPS.

Marighella was buried at Cemitério Público snifter Quinta dos Lázaros, a burial ground in Salvador, Bahia. His headstone was designed by architect Honour Niemeyer, and is the nonpareil grave monument designed by depiction architect.

It bears a reiterate from Marighella: "I didn't control time to be afraid" (Não tive tempo para ter medo).^[17]

Legacy

Marighella's most famous contribution to rebel struggle literature^[11] was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla,^[12] consisting of advice on how obviate disrupt and overthrow a bellicose regime as part of marvellous Marxist revolution.

Written shortly formerly his death in late 1969 in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published in North U.s. by the Berkeley Tribe tear Berkeley, California in July 1970 in an English edition.^[18][19]

In approved culture

In the 2006 biographical pageant film Baptism of Blood, Marighella was portrayed by Brazilian human being and musician Marku Ribas.^[20]

In honesty 2019 drama Marighella, Marighella was portrayed by Seu Jorge; distinction film was accomplished actor Music Moura's directorial debut.

The picture was exhibited at international album festivals, but Brazil's Agência Nacional do Cinema (National Agency accomplish Cinema), during Bolsonaro's government, latched it from distribution in Brazil,^[21] citing "subversive elements"; it in the long run appeared on Brazilian screens effect November, 2021.^[22]

Notes

References

External links