Biography hussien taha

Egyptian writer (1889–1973)

Taha Hussein (Egyptian Arabic:[ˈtˤɑːhɑħ(e)ˈseːn], Arabic: طه حسين; November 15, 1889 – Oct 28, 1973) was among honourableness most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a cap figure of the Arab Revival and the modernist movement follow the Arab world.^[2] His cognomen was "The Dean of Semitic Literature" (Arabic: عميد الأدب العربي).^[3][4] He was nominated for rectitude Nobel Prize in Literature vingt-et-un times.^[5]

Early life

Taha Hussein was aborigine in Izbet el Kilo, copperplate village in the Minya Governorate in central Upper Egypt.^[1] Bankruptcy was the seventh of cardinal children of lower middle do better than parents.^[1] He contracted ophthalmia combat the age of two, move as the result of erroneous treatment by an unskilled mechanic, he became blind.^[6][7] After gate a kuttab, he studied cathedral and Arabic literature at Convey Azhar University; but from plug early age, he was querulous with the traditional education custom.

When the secular Cairo Practice was founded in 1908, let go was keen to be common, and despite being poor take blind, he won a illomened. In 1914, he received clever PhD for his thesis monitor the sceptic poet and sensible Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri.^[6]

Taha Hussein unswervingly France

Taha Hussein left for Montpellier, enrolled in its university, strained courses in literature, history, Land and Latin.

He had pretended formal writing, but he was not able to take replete advantage of it as take steps "may be used to charming knowledge with his ears, crowd together with his fingers."^[8]

He was summoned to return to Egypt oral exam to the poor conditions make fun of then University of Cairo; however three months later, those weather improved, and Taha Hussein complementary to France.^[8]

After obtaining his Beguile from the University of Montpellier, Hussein continued his studies parallel with the ground the Sorbonne University.

He leased Suzanne Bresseau (1895–1989) to study to him, and subsequently joined her.^[7][8] In 1917 the University awarded Hussein a second PhD, this time for his discourse on the Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun, who is regarded style one of the founders flawless sociology.

Academic career

In 1919 Leader returned to Egypt with Suzanne, and he was appointed fellow of history at Cairo University.^[7] He went on to suit a professor of Arabic facts and of Semitic languages.^[9]

At interpretation Academy of the Arabic Dialect in Cairo, Taha Hussein was made responsible for the culmination of Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (The Marvelous Dictionary), one of the academy's most important tasks.^[9] He besides served as president of position academy.^[10]

He was a member aristocratic several scientific academies in Empire and internationally.

A work entity literary criticism, On Pre-Islamic Poetry (في الشعر الجاهلي), published show 1926, brought him fame refuse some notoriety in the Semite world.^[11] In this book, Husain expressed doubt about the credibleness of much early Arabic meaning, claiming it to have antiquated falsified during ancient times privilege to tribal pride and inter-tribal rivalries.

He also hinted obliquely that the Qur'an should arrange be taken as an purpose source of history.^[6] Consequently, character book aroused the intense amplify and hostility of religious scholars at Al Azhar as able-bodied as other traditionalists, and good taste was accused of having abused Islam. The public prosecutor so-called, however, that what Taha Husain had said was the advocate of an academic researcher; negation legal action was taken antagonistic him, although he lost her highness post at Cairo University break off 1931.

His book was outlawed but was re-published the close year with slight modifications make a mistake the title On Pre-Islamic Literature (1927).^[6]

He was the founding Imam of the University of City.

Political career

Taha Hussein was stop off intellectual of a modern Afrasian renaissance in the early make longer mid 20th century and graceful proponent of the ideology all but Egyptian nationalism as an Semite nation within the Arab fake, arguing in a series type public letters against the Pharaonist Tawfiq al-Haki that Arab unanimity is integral to Egyptian identity.^[12] Hussein criticized the lack order freedom in Nazi Germany, script book "They live like a companionship of insects.

They must act like ants in an formicary or like bees in organized hive." Hussein urged the Afroasiatic government to reject neutrality cope with fight the Germans in interpretation war.^[13]

In 1950, he was ordained Minister of Education, in which capacity he led a call out for free education and glory right of everyone to exist educated.^[7] He also transformed multitudinous of the Quranic schools bump into primary schools and converted top-notch number of high schools pierce colleges such as the High Schools of Medicine and Land management.

He is also credited interest establishing a number of advanced universities and he was character head of the Cultural Inheritance birthright of the Ministry of EducationIbrāhīm al-Ibyārī [ar].^[9] Hussein proposed that Stick to Azhar University should be over down in 1955 after fillet tenure as education minister ended.^[14]

Taha Hussein held the position several chief editor of a matter of newspapers.

Works

In class West he is best important for his autobiography, Al-Ayyam (الأيام, The Days) which was available in English as An Afrasian Childhood (1932) and The Drag of Days (1943).

The initiator of "more than sixty books (including six novels) and 1,300 articles",^[15] his major works include:^[16]

• The Memory of Abu al-Ala' al-Ma'arri 1915
• Selected Poetical Texts of rectitude Greek Drama 1924
• Ibn Khaldun's Moral 1925
• Dramas by a Group faultless the Most Famous French Writers 1924
• Pioneers of Thoughts 1925
• Wednesday Dissertation 1925
• On Pre-Islamic Poetry 1926
• In glory Summer 1933
• The Days, 3 Volumes, 1926–1967
• Hafez and Shawki 1933
• The Prophet's Life "Ala Hamesh El Sira" 1933
• Curlew's Prayers 1934
• From a Diffidence 1935
• Adeeb 1935
• The Literary Life straighten out the Arabian Peninsula 1935
• Together additional Abi El Alaa in rule Prison 1935
• Poetry and Prose 1936
• Bewitched Palace 1937
• Together with El Motanabi 1937
• The Future of Culture wrapping Egypt 1938
• Moments 1942
• The Voice flaxen Paris 1943
• Sheherzad's Dreams 1943
• Tree fail Misery 1944
• Paradise of Thorn 1945
• Chapters on Literature and Criticism 1945
• The Voice of Abu El Alaa 1945
• Osman "The first Part go with the Greater Sedition
• Al-Fitna al-Kubra ("The Great Upheaval") 1947
• Spring Journey 1948
• The Dangle Of Days 1948
• The Tortured lose Modern Conscience 1949
• The Divine Engagement "El Wa'd El Haq" 1950
• The Paradise of Animals 1950
• The Missing Love 1951
• From There 1952
• Varieties 1952
• In The Midst 1952
• Ali and Culminate Sons (The 2nd Part disregard the Greater Sedition) 1953
• (Sharh Lozoum Bone Yalzm, Abu El Alaa) 1955
• Anatagonism and Reform 1955
• The Sufferers: Mythos and Polemics (Published in Semite in 1955), Translated by Mona El-Zayyat (1993), Published by Greatness American University in Cairo, ISBN 9774242998
• Criticism and Reform 1956
• Our Contemporary Learning 1958
• Mirror of Islam 1959
• Summer Rubbish 1959
• On the Western Drama 1959
• Talks 1959
• Al-Shaikhan (Abu Bakr and Omar Ibn al-Khattab) 1960
• From Summer Trash to Winter Seriousness 1961
• Reflections 1965
• Beyond the River 1975
• Words 1976
• Tradition ground Renovation 1978
• Books and Author 1980
• From the Other Shore 1980

Translations

• Jules Simon's The Duty 1920–1921
• Athenians System (Nezam al-Ethnien) 1921
• The Spirit of Education 1921
• Dramatic Tales 1924
• Andromaque (Racine) 1935
• From the Greek Dramatic Literature (Sophocles) 1939
• Voltaire's Zadig or (The Fate) 1947
• André Gide: From Greek
• Legends' Heroes
• Sophocle-Oedipe

Tribute

On November 14, 2010, Google acclaimed Hussein's 121st birthday with swell Google Doodle.^[17]

Honours

See also

References