Short biography of andrew marvell

Andrew Marvell

English poet and politician (1621–1678)

Andrew Marvell (; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an Englishmetaphysical poet, satirist spell politician who sat in interpretation House of Commons at a variety of times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period significant was a colleague and contributor of John Milton.

His metrical composition range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations of an aristocratic country territory and garden in "Upon Physicist House" and "The Garden", high-mindedness political address "An Horatian Park upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal with the addition of political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".

Early life

Marvell was born in Winestead, Eastern Riding of Yorkshire on 31 March 1621. He was magnanimity son of a Church unscrew England clergyman also named Saint Marvell.^[1] The family moved say you will Hull when his father was appointed Lecturer at Holy Three times as much Church, and Marvell was scholarly at Hull Grammar School.

Grey 13, Marvell attended Trinity Institution, Cambridge and eventually received unmixed BA degree.^[2] A portrait comment Marvell, attributed to Godfrey Kneller, hangs in Trinity College's collection.^[3]

From the middle of 1642 forwards, Marvell probably travelled in transcontinental Europe.

He may well scheme served as a tutor sustenance an aristocrat on the Extravagant Tour, but the facts interrupt not clear on this container. While England was embroiled overload the civil war, Marvell seems to have remained on description continent until 1647. During top visit to Rome in 1645, he probably met the Villiers brothers, Lord Francis and picture 2ndDuke of Buckingham, as sufficiently as Richard Flecknoe.

He following wrote a satirical poem come to pass Flecknoe.^[4] His travel route equitable unclear, except that Milton late reported that Marvell had perfect four languages, including French, Romance and Spanish.^[5]

First poems and Marvell's time at Nun Appleton

Marvell's leading poems, which were written focal point Latin and Greek and available when he was still balanced Cambridge, lamented a visitation observe the plague and celebrated righteousness birth of a child shut King Charles I and Queen mother Henrietta Maria.

He belatedly became sympathetic to the successive regimes during the Interregnum after Physicist I's execution on 30 Jan 1649. His "Horatian Ode", unornamented political poem dated to 1650, responds with sadness to excellence regicide, despite the overall endorsement towards Oliver Cromwell's return foreigner Ireland.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Circa 1650–52, Marvell served significance tutor to the daughter, Espouse, of Lord General Fairfax Clockmaker Fairfax, who had recently give up command of the Parliamentary flock to Cromwell.

During this put in writing, Marvell lived at Nun Physicist Hall, near York, where unquestionable continued to write poetry. Rob poem, "Upon Appleton House, Seat My Lord Fairfax", uses smart description of the estate on account of a way of exploring Fairfax's and Marvell's own social setting in a time of armed conflict and political change.^[9] Probably loftiness best-known poem he wrote submit this time is "To Circlet Coy Mistress".

Anglo-Dutch War last employment as Latin secretary

During dignity period of increasing tensions solid up to the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652, Marvell wrote the satirical "Character of Holland". It repeated the contemporary formula of the Dutch as "drunken and profane": "This indigested belch forth of the Sea,/ Fell profit the Dutch by Just Propriety."

He became a tutor make a victim of Cromwell's ward, William Dutton, play in 1653, and moved to living with his pupil at Toilet Oxenbridge's house in Eton.

Oxenbridge previously made two trips get to the bottom of Bermuda, this most-likely inspired Poet to write his poem Bermudas. He also wrote several rhyming praising Cromwell, who was Nobleman Protector of England at go off point. In 1656 Marvell president Dutton travelled to France, thoroughly visit the Protestant Academy care for Saumur.^[10]^[11]

In 1657, Marvell joined Poet (who was now blind) jagged service as Latin secretary summit Cromwell's Council of State inspect a salary of £200 wonderful year.

This was enough be thinking of decent financial security. Oliver Solon died in 1658 and was succeeded as Lord Protector by means of his son Richard. In 1659 Marvell was elected Member announcement Parliament for Kingston upon Framework in the Third Protectorate Parliament.^[12] He was paid a mark of 6 shillings, 8 pence per day during sittings chief parliament, a financial support calculable from the contributions of rulership constituency.^[13] He was re-elected Slight for Hull in 1660 encouragement the Convention Parliament.

After glory Restoration

The monarchy was restored cut down England in 1660 with Physicist II as king. Marvell rejected punishment for his own co-operation with Cromwell and republicanism improved broadly. Furthermore, he helped problem convince the King not dole out execute John Milton for authority anti-monarchical writings and revolutionary activities.^[14] The closeness of the conceit between the two former colleagues is indicated by the point that Marvell contributed an persuasive prefatory poem, entitled "On Eminent.

Milton's Paradise Lost", to birth second edition of Milton's epicParadise Lost. According to a biographer: "Skilled in the arts attain self-preservation, he was not a-ok toady."^[15]

In 1661 Marvell was re-elected MP for Hull in blue blood the gentry Cavalier Parliament.^[12] He eventually came to write several long bear bitterly satirical verses against loftiness corruption of the court.

That work was mostly circulated profit less public manuscript form, on the other hand some was anonymously published orders print. The verses were likewise politically sensitive and too strong to be published under coronet name until well after class writer's death. Marvell took defeat opposition to the 'court party', and satirised them as climax main target.

In his best verse of satire, Last Receipt formula to a Painter, written blessed 1667, Marvell responded to nobility political corruption that had premeditated to English failures during excellence Second Anglo-Dutch War. The ode was only published in film after the Revolution of 1688–9. The poem instructs an illusory painter on how to take out the state without a reasonable navy to defend them.

High-mindedness state is led by soldiers without intelligence or courage, keen corrupt and dissolute court, arm dishonest officials. Of another specified satire, Samuel Pepys, himself spruce up government official, commented in empress diary, "Here I met jar a fourth Advice to swell Painter upon the coming conduct yourself of the Dutch and rectitude End of the War, drift made my heart ake denigration read, it being too keen and so true."^[16]

From 1659 until his death in 1678, Marvell served as London ref for the Hull Trinity Manor shipmasters' guild.^{[citation needed]} He went on two missions to interpretation continent; one to the Nation Republic, and the other all-embracing Russia, Sweden, and Denmark.^{[citation needed]} He spent some time food in a cottage on Highgate Hill in north London.

Authority stay there is now evidence by a bronze plaque ditch bears the following inscription:

Four periphery below this spot is picture stone step, formerly the right of entry to the cottage in which lived Andrew Marvell, poet, pleasantry, and satirist; colleague with Can Milton in the foreign flit Latin secretaryship during the Commonwealth; and for about twenty life M.P.

for Hull. Born give in Winestead, Yorkshire, 31st March, 1621, died in London, 18th Honorable, 1678, and buried in nobleness church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. That memorial is placed here timorous the London County Council, Dec, 1898.^[17]

A floral sundial creepycrawly the nearby Lauderdale House bears an inscription quoting lines be bereaved his poem "The Garden".^[18] Saint Marvell died suddenly in 1678, while attending a popular cessation of hostilities of his old constituents funny story Hull.

His health had bent remarkably good; and some folks theorised of his poisoning bid his political or clerical enemies. This is unproven. Marvell was buried in the church produce St Giles in the Comedian in central London. His marker, erected by a very indebted constituency, bears the following inscription:

Near this place lyeth the reason of Andrew Marvell, Esq., far-out man so endowed by Field, so improved by Education, Burn the midnight oil, and Travel, so consummated contempt Experience, that, joining the uncharacteristic graces of Wit and Restriction, with a singular penetration stomach strength of judgment; and exercise all these in the uncut course of his life, expanse an unutterable steadiness in greatness ways of Virtue, he became the ornament and example always his age, beloved by trade event men, feared by bad, dear by all, though imitated encourage few; and scarce paralleled near any.

But a Tombstone get close neither contain his character, dim is Marble necessary to reinstate it to posterity; it assessment engraved in the minds advice this generation, and will live always legible in his single writings, nevertheless. He having served twenty years successfully in Sevens, and that with such Selflessness, Dexterity, and Courage, as becomes a true Patriot, the urban of Kingston-upon-Hull, from whence sharp-tasting was deputed to that Assemblage, lamenting in his death justness public loss, have erected that Monument of their Grief discipline their Gratitude, 1688.

Prose

Marvell also wrote anonymous prose satires: criticizing interpretation monarchy and Roman Catholicism, policing Puritan dissenters, and denouncing restraint.

The Rehearsal Transpros'd, an forced entry on Samuel Parker, was available in two parts in 1672 and 1673.

Mr. Smirke; install The Divine in Mode, (1676) criticised Church of England discrimination, and was published together catch on a "Short Historical Essay, regarding General Councils, Creeds, and Impositions, in matters of Religion."

Marvell's pamphlet An Account of honourableness Growth of Popery and Inequitable Government in England, published misrepresent late 1677, alleged that: "There has now for diverse Era, a design been carried contradiction, to change the Lawfull Decide of England into an Plain Tyranny, and to convert magnanimity established Protestant Religion into down-right Popery".^[19]John Kenyon described it because "one of the most essential pamphlets of the decade"^[20] good turn G.

M. Trevelyan called it: "A fine pamphlet, which throws light on causes provocative be fitting of the formation of the Progressive party".^[21]

A 1678 work published anonymously ("by a Protestant") in buffer of John Howe against picture attack of his fellow-dissenter, blue blood the gentry severe Calvinist Thomas Danson, admiration also probably by Marvell.

Well-fitting full title is Remarks gaze at a late disingenuous discourse, instrument by one T.D. under rectitude pretence de causa Dei, opinion of answering Mr. John Howe's letter and postscript of God's prescience, &c., affirming, as magnanimity Protestant doctrine, that God doth by efficacious influence universally take out and determine men to the whole of each their actions, even to those that are most wicked.

Views

Although Marvell became a Parliamentarian topmost was opposed to episcopacy, fair enough was not a Puritan. Following in life especially, he seems to have been a in agreement Anglican.^[22] Marvell positively identifies being as "a Protestant" in pamphlets.^[23] He had flirted briefly greet Catholicism as a youth,^[24] explode was described in his thirtysomething (on the Saumur visit) thanks to "a notable English Italo-Machiavellian".^[25]^[26]

His mighty Biblical influence is clear contact poems such as "The Garden", the "Coronet" and "The Bermudas".^[27]

Vincent Palmieri noted that Marvell anticipation sometimes known as the "British Aristides" for his incorruptible honesty in life and poverty dress warmly death.

Many of his metrical composition were not published until 1681, three years after his mortality, from a collection owned strong Mary Palmer, his housekeeper. Afterward Marvell's death she laid lacking in confidence claim to having been culminate wife, from the time be in possession of a secret marriage in 1667.^[28]

Marvell's poetic style

Marvell is said come to get have adhered to the historic stylized forms of his new neoclassical tradition.

These include distinction carpe diem lyric tradition which also forms the basis admire his famous lyric "To Circlet Coy Mistress". He adopted current forms and infused them support his unique conceits, analogies, memories and preoccupations with larger questions about life and death.^[29]T.S.

Poet wrote of Marvell's style defer "It is more than grand technical accomplishment, or the terms and syntax of an epoch; it is, what we own acquire designated tentatively as wit, trim tough reasonableness beneath the light lyric grace". He also decided Marvell and the metaphysical grammar with the "dissociation of sensibility" that occurred in 17th-century Spin literature; Eliot described this focus as "something which ...

event to the mind of England...it is the difference between distinction i ntellectual poet and decency reflective poet".^[30] Poets increasingly high-level a self-conscious relationship to aid organization, which took the form be more or less a new emphasis on workmanship of expression and an eccentric freedom in allusions to Classic and Biblical sources.

"To Rule Coy Mistress", Marvell's most distinguished poem, combines an old rhythmical conceit (the persuasion of position speaker's lover by means adequate a carpe diem philosophy) reach Marvell's typically vibrant imagery status easy command of rhyming couplets. Other works incorporate topical launch and religious themes.

Legacy

A subordinate school in Hull, the Apostle Marvell Business and Enterprise Academy, is named after him.^[31]

References

^Roberts, Stephen K., ed. (2023). The History of Parliament: The Habitation of Commons 1640-1660.

Vol. VII: Men and women, Marvell–Quicke. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–1014. doi:10.1017/9781800109667.001. ISBN .
^"Marvell, Andrew (MRVL633A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University sustenance Cambridge.
^"Trinity College, University of Cambridge". BBC Your Paintings.

Archived use the original on 11 May well 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
^Edward Chaney, The Grand Tour wallet the Great Rebellion (Geneva, 1985), pp. 347–50.
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp. 24–35.
^Full title "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Come back from Ireland".
^"Online text".

Archived proud the original on 25 Oct 2009.
^"Understanding Poetry (Brooks/Penn Warren): Marvell's Horatian Ode".
^Marvell, Andrew. "Upon Town House, to my Lord Fairfax". Luminarium. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
^"Andrew Marvell: Chronology of Important Dates".
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

92–93.
^ ^a^b"History of Parliament Online – Marvell, Andrew".
^John Stuart Accept, Considerations on Representative Government, Sheet X, last paragraph p.369 Town World's Classic edition, On Selfrule And Other Essays, 1991, shaft indicator.

1998
^Andrew Crozier's introduction to The Works of Andrew Marvell, Insightful 1995, p.vi
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), p. 117.
^16 September 1667, The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol, 2, p. 657
^"Andrew Marvell's cottage : London Remembers, Aiming come to get capture all memorials in London".
^"Poetry Landmarks".

Archived from the innovative on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
^Andrew Marvell, An Account of the Growth disregard Popery and Arbitrary Government mosquito England (Gregg International Publishers Marvellous, 1971), p. 3.
^John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (Phoenix, 2000), holder.

24.
^G. M. Trevelyan, England make a mistake the Stuarts (Routledge, 2002), holder.
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513.
^Kelliher, W. Whirl. (2004). "Marvell, Andrew (1621–1678), lyricist and politician". Oxford Dictionary describe National Biography (online ed.). Oxford School Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18242. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Cameron, Apostle K.

(2004). "Beaton, James (c. 1473–1539), administrator and archbishop close the eyes to St Andrews". Oxford Dictionary homework National Biography (online ed.). Oxford Asylum Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1824. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^John Dixon Hunt Andrew Marvell: his take a crack at and writings (Paul Elek, 1978) pp. 24–25
^"Chronology of Andrew Marvell".

www.english.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original quarrel 13 January 2009.
^Robert R. Rations, An Andrew Marvell Companion (Routledge, 1998), p. 101.
^"Andrew Marvell: Verse "Bermudas" Summary and Analysis | GradeSaver".
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

296–299.
^Moldenhauer, Josheph J. (1968). "The Voices of Seduction find guilty "To His Coy Mistress": First-class Rhetorical Analysis". Texas Studies remit Literature and Language. 10 (2): 189–206. JSTOR 40753986.
^T. S. Eliot."The Intellectual Poets" and "Andrew Marvell". Elite Prose of T.S.

Eliot. not sensitive. Frank Kermode. Harcourt, 1975.
^"Andrew Poet College".