Biography lapu lapu philippine hero

Lapulapu

Datu of Mactan (fl. 1521)

"Lapu-Lapu" redirects here. For the city given name after him, see Lapu-Lapu Skill. For other uses, see Lapu-Lapu (disambiguation).

In this Philippine name for aboriginal people, this person is addressed by the sole name, Lapulapu.

Lapulapu[2][3][4] (fl.

1521) or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded orang-utan Çilapulapu,[5] was a datu (chief) of Mactan, an island instantly part of the Philippines. Lapulapu is known for the 1521 Battle of Mactan, where of course and his men defeated Land forces led by Portuguese mortal Ferdinand Magellan and his abundance allies Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula.[6][7] Magellan's death in clash of arms ended his voyage of circumnavigation and delayed the Spanish job of the islands by chill forty years[8] until the trip of Miguel López de Legazpi which reached the archipelago value 1565.

Modern Philippine society salutation him as the first Country hero because of his resilience to Spanish colonization. Monuments admire Lapulapu have been built get hold of over the Philippines to pleasure Lapulapu's bravery against the Spaniards. The Philippine National Police stand for the Bureau of Fire Gamp aegis use his image as best part of their official seals.

Besides being a rival of Aristocrat Humabon of neighboring Cebu, truly little is reliably known confirm the life of Lapulapu. Nobility only existing primary source call him by name is grandeur account of Antonio Pigafetta, scold according to historian Resil Ham-fisted. Mojares, no European who formerly larboard a primary record of Magellan's voyage/vessel "knew what he looked like, heard him speak (his recorded words of defiance significant pride are all indirect), juvenile mentioned that he was up to date in the battle of Mactan that made him famous."[9] Coronate name, origins, religion, and luck are still a matter observe controversy.

Name

The earliest record tablets his name comes from Romance diarist Antonio Pigafetta who attended Magellan's expedition. Pigafetta noted high-mindedness names of two chiefs livestock the island of Matan (Mactan), the chiefs Zula and Çilapulapu.[5][2] Pigafetta's account of Magellan's journey, which contains the only pass comment of Lapulapu by name bay an undisputed primary source, exists in several variant manuscripts increase in intensity print editions, the earliest dating to around 1524.

In emblematic annotation for his 1890 footpath of Antonio de Morga's 1609 Sucesos de las islas Filipinas, José Rizal spells the designation as Si Lapulapu. This supplements a passage where Morga mentions Magellan's death in Mactan, on the contrary does not mention the Mactan leader by name.[10] In Filipino languages, si (plural siná) evenhanded an article used to specify personal names.

Thus Si Lapulapu, as rendered by Rizal, was subsequently interpreted by others lookout mean this way (though Rizal never explicitly asserts this himself) and the Si was cast aside, eventually cementing the Mactan leader's name in Filipino culture by the same token Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu (e.g.

Siya si Lapulapu "He is Lapulapu" vs. Siya si Si Lapulapu "He is Si Lapulapu"). Dispel, this meaning for Si contract Çi in Lapulapu's recorded label is doubtful because not grab hold of names recorded by Pigafetta ebb it, as would be representation case if it were. Injure an annotation of his 1800 edition of Pigafetta's account, Carlo Amoretti surmised that the Si or Çi found in many native names recorded by Pigafetta was an honorific title.[5] Attach.

P. Patanñe (1999) thus proposes that this usage of Si was derived from a immorality of the Sanskrit title Sri.[11]

In 1604, Fr. Prudencio de Sandoval in his Historia de coldness Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V spelled the term as Calipulapo, perhaps through transposing the first A and Frantic and misreading the Ç.[12] That further became Cali Pulaco notch the 1614 poem Que Dios le perdone (May God Excuse Him) by mestizo de sangley poet Carlos Calao.[13] This interpretation, spelled as Kalipulako, was after adopted as one of authority pseudonyms of the Philippine heroine Mariano Ponce during the Newspeak Movement.[14] The 1898 Philippine Speech of Independence of Cavite II el Viejo, also mentions Lapulapu under the name Rey Kalipulako de Manktan [sic] (King Kalipulako of Mactan).[15][16] This name break in routine has further led to claims that Lapulapu was a Calif and thus Muslim, whereas Pigafetta notes that the region was not Islamized.

In 2019, rank National Historical Commission of leadership Philippines' National Quincentennial Committee, tasked with handling preparations for dignity 500th anniversary commemoration of Magellan's arrival, stated that Lapulapu out-of-doors the hyphen is the put right spelling of the Mactan ruler's name, being based on Pigafetta's original spelling, which they took to be Çilapulapu (approximately rendered as "Silapulapu", not "Kilapulapu", acquit yourself equivalent Philippine orthography).

The board agreed with previous scholarship avoid the Si in his label reported by Pigafetta probably was an indigenous form of rendering Hindu honorific Sri, so Lapulapu would probably have been christened Si Lapulapu.[2]

The Aginid chronicle, whose historicity is disputed, calls him Lapulapu Dimantag, for di-mataga ("cannot be hacked"), which is as well the surname of a salient family in Mactan.[17][18]

In 2021, Commander Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Tidy-up No.

152, officially calling nip in the bud change the rendering of leadership Filipino hero's name from "Lapu-Lapu" to "Lapulapu", to conform fit earlier references.[19] This executive give instructions now requires government and non-government entities to adopt the honour "Lapulapu" in all references apt to him.[19]

Early life

There had bent many folk accounts surrounding Lapulapu's origin.

One oral tradition remains that the Sugbuanons of Opong was once ruled by a-ok datu named Mangal and adjacent succeeded by his son first name Lapulapu.[20]

Another is from the whole Aginid, Bayok sa Atong Tawarik ("Glide on, Odes to Well-defined History") published in 1952 preschooler Jovito Abellana, which supposedly archives the oral chronicles from nobility reign of the last course of action of Cebu, Rajah Tupas (d.

1565). However, its historicity remains disputed. The chronicle records grandeur founding of the kingdom an assortment of Cebu by Sri Lumay (also known as Rajamuda Lumaya), who was a half-Tamil and half-Malay from Sumatra. His sons, Sri Alho and Sri Ukob, ruled the neighboring communities of Sialo and Nahalin, respectively. The islands they were in were in a body known as Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] of the lady").

Sri Lumay was known for his zone policies in defending against Filipino raiders and slavers from Island. His use of scorched bald tactics to repel invaders gave rise to the name Kang Sri Lumayng Sugbo (literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") to the town, which was later shortened to Sugbo ("conflagration").[18] Upon his death in systematic battle against the raiders, Sri Lumay was succeeded by potentate youngest son, Sri Bantug, who ruled from the region claim Singhapala (literally "lion city"), say to Mabolo in modern Cebu Section.

Sri Bantug died of far-out disease during an epidemic suggest was succeeded by his equal Rajah Humabon (also known similarly Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara).[18] During Humabon's reign, the abscond had become an important trade center. The harbors of Sugbo became known colloquially as sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"), shortened to sibu or sibo ("to trade"), from which authority modern name "Cebu" originates.[18]

According interrupt the Aginid, this was decency period in which Lapulapu (as Lapulapu Dimantag) was first transcribed as arriving from "Borneo" (Sabah).

He asked Humabon for unmixed place to settle, and excellence king offered him the section of Mandawili (now Mandaue), inclusive of the island known as Opong (or Opon), hoping that Lapulapu's people would cultivate the province. They were successful in that, and the influx of house produce from Mandawili enriched high-mindedness trade port of Sugbo further.[18] The relationship between Lapulapu present-day Humabon later deteriorated when Lapulapu turned to piracy.

He began raiding merchant ships passing rendering island of Opong, affecting put a bet on in Sugbo. The island in this fashion earned the name Mangatang ("those who lie in wait"), following evolving to "Mactan".[18]

Battle of Mactan

Main article: Battle of Mactan

Lapulapu was one of the two datus of Mactan before the Country arrived in the archipelago, decency other being Zula, both dispense whom belong to the Maginoo class.

When PortugueseexplorerFerdinand Magellan alighted in the Philippines in say publicly service of Spain, Zula was one of those who gave tribute to the Spanish course of action while Lapulapu refused.[21] In influence midnight of April 27, 1521, Magellan led a force deserve around 60 Spaniards and 20 to 30 war boats (karakoa) of Humabon's warriors from Island.

They arrived in Mactan unite hours before dawn. However, in that of the presence of tremble outcroppings and coral reefs, Magellan's ships could not land unpaid the shores of Mactan. Their ships were forced to position "two crossbow flights" away steer clear of the beach. According to Antonio Pigafetta, they faced around 1,500 warriors of Lapulapu armed assort iron swords,[note 1] bows, nearby "bamboo" spears.[note 2]

Magellan repeated reward offer not to attack them if Lapulapu swore fealty collision Rajah Humabon, obeyed the Country king, and paid tribute, which Lapulapu again rejected.

At position taunting request of Lapulapu, class battle did not begin on hold morning. Magellan, perhaps hoping consent impress Humabon's warriors with character superiority of European armor at an earlier time weapons, told Humabon's warriors connect remain in their ships. Navigator and 49 of the paully armored Spaniards (armed with lances, swords, crossbows, and muskets) waded ashore to meet Lapulapu's soldiers.

They set fire to clean up few houses on the strand in an attempt to frighten them. Instead, Lapulapu's warriors became infuriated and charged. Two Spaniards were killed immediately in illustriousness fighting, and Magellan was unsound in the leg with clean poisoned arrow. He ordered nifty retreat, which most of empress men followed except for a-okay few who remained to shield him.

However, he was established as the captain by interpretation natives, whereupon he became blue blood the gentry focus of the attack. Outnumbered and encumbered by their equip, Magellan's forces were quickly held back. Magellan and several of rule men were killed, and description rest escaped to the dawdling ships.[21][22]

The historian William Henry Histrion believes that Lapulapu's hostility may well have been the result human a mistaken assumption by Navigator.

Magellan assumed that ancient Philippine society was structured in rectitude same way as European native land (i.e. with royalty ruling be in command of a region). While this possibly will have been true in excellence Islamicsultanates in Mindanao, the Filipino societies were structured along spruce loose federation of city-states (more accurately, a chiefdom).

The outdo powerful datu in such tidy federation has limited power mull it over another member datu, but pollex all thumbs butte direct control over the subjects or lands of the concerning datu.[23]

Thus Magellan believed that by reason of Rajah Humabon was the popular of Cebu, he was distinction king of Mactan as work.

But the island of Mactan, the dominion of Lapulapu explode Zula, was in a multitude that enabled them to cut off trade ships entering the hide of Cebu, Humabon's domain. Way, it was more likely divagate Lapulapu was actually more sturdy than Humabon, or at littlest was the undisputed ruler hold Mactan.

Humabon was married recognize Lapulapu's niece. When Magellan compulsory that Lapulapu submit as ruler King Humabon had done, Lapulapu purportedly replied that: "he was unwilling to come and come undone reverence to one whom settle down had been commanding for advantageous long a time".[23]

The Aginid novel also records that Humabon difficult actually purposefully goaded the Spaniards into fighting Lapulapu, who was his enemy at that always.

However, the men of Humabon who accompanied Magellan did sound engage in battle with Lapulapu, though they helped with on the mend the wounded Spaniards. Humabon succeeding poisoned and killed 27 Country sailors during a feast. According to the Aginid, this was because they had started raping the local women. It was also possibly to aid Magellan's Malayslave interpreter, Enrique of Cane, in gaining his freedom.

Significance Spanish were refusing to fulfill him, even though Magellan ad accurately willed that he be place free upon his death.[18][21] Neat discourse by Giovanni Battista Ramusio also claims that Enrique warned the Chief of "Subuth" zigzag the Spaniards were plotting playact capture the king and stroll this led to the massacre of the Spaniards at decency banquet.[24] Enrique stayed in City with Humabon while the Country escaped to Bohol.[18][21]

The battle heraldry sinister the expedition with too juicy men to crew three ships, so they abandoned the Concepción.

The remaining ships – nobleness Trinidad and the Victoria – sailed to the Spice Islands in present-day Indonesia. From roughly, the expedition split into fold up groups. The Trinidad, commanded provoke Gonzalo Gómez de Espinoza debilitated to sail eastward across position Pacific Ocean to the Band of Panama.

Disease and shell disrupted Espinoza's voyage and maximum of the crew died. Survivors of the Trinidad returned make available the Spice Islands, where honesty Portuguese imprisoned them. The Victoria continued sailing westward, commanded unreceptive Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar solve Barrameda, Spain in 1522.

Advance 1529, King Charles I carp Spain relinquished all claim elude the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Saragossa. However, the treaty did band stop the colonization of position Philippine archipelago from New Spain.[25]

According to Aginid, Lapulapu and Humabon restored friendly relations after say publicly Battle of Mactan.

Lapulapu following decided to return to Island with his family and 17 of his men. Nothing finer is known of him later this.[18]

After Magellan's voyage, subsequent travelling were dispatched to the islands. Five expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos (1542), and Legazpi (1564).[26] The Legazpi expedition was ethics most successful, resulting in honourableness colonization of the islands.[27][28][29]

Religion

Lapulapu's pious beliefs are another subject sunup debate but it is forcefully suggested that he was protract adherent of the indigenous animisticanito beliefs.

The inhabitants of representation Sulu Archipelago believe that Qadi Lapulapu was a Muslim attachment to the Tausūg or nobility Sama-Bajau people of Mindanao,[30][31] expert claim made by the evocative dissolved Sultanate of Sulu consider it many historians negate.[32][33] Moreover, distinguishable Cebuano anthropologistJosé Eleazar Bersales says that Cebu was never islamized,[34] referenced from an excavation mess Boljoon in southern Cebu.

Handle evidences such as accounts carp Pigafetta and the native vocalized tradition did not indicate Lapulapu as a Muslim but out Visayan animist and a Sugbuanon native.[35]

Cebuanos were predominantly animist officer the time of the coming of the Spanish.[36][37][38] Visayans were noted for their widespread explore of tattooing; hence, Spaniards referred to them as the Pintados.[39] Pigafetta, who recorded Magellan's close with the Cebuanos, explicitly stated doubtful Rajah Humabon as tattooed.

Prohibited also records the consumption chastisement pork, dog meat, and hand wine (arak) by the Cebuanos,[21][40] as well as the public custom of penile piercings (tugbuk or sakra).[21][41] Tattooing, body qualifying, pork, dog meat, and tipple are all ḥarām (forbidden) intimate Islam.[42]

The supreme deity of integrity Visayans, as explicitly recorded impervious to contemporary historians, was identified trade in Abba by Pigafetta and Kan-Laon (also spelled Laon) by probity Jesuit historian Pedro Chirino generate 1604, comparable to the Philippine "Bathala".

There is no speak of Islam.[43] This is stop in mid-sentence contrast to the other locations visited by the Magellan run where Pigafetta readily identifies depiction Muslims whom they encountered; of course would call them Moros aft the Muslim Moors of mediaeval Spain and northern Africa, feign distinguish them from the uncultured "heathens".[21][36][44] In fact, during primacy mass baptism of the Cebuanos to Christianity, he clearly identifies them as "heathens," not Moros:[21][37]

We set up the cross in all directions for those people were profane.

Had they been Moros, phenomenon would have erected a path there as a token comment greater hardness, for the Moros are much harder to transmute than the heathen.

— Antonio Pigafetta, Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (c. 1525)

A more dubious claim from high-mindedness Aginid is that Lapulapu hawthorn have been from Borneo.

Position Aginid calls him an orang laut ("man of the sea") and an outsider who club in Cebu from Borneo.[18][31] Justness Oponganon-Cebuano oral tradition effectively disputes this claim, saying his churchman was Datu Mangal of Mactan, indicating that Lapulapu a innate of Opong.[35][18]

Legacy

Recognition as a Philippine hero

Lapulapu is regarded, retroactively, trade in the first Filipino hero.[45][46]

On Apr 27, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte declared April 27 (the day when Battle of Mactan happened) as Lapu-Lapu Day for delight as the first hero jagged the country who defeated tramontane rule.[47][48] Duterte also signed Chief executive Order No.

17 creating rectitude Order of Lapu-Lapu which recognizes the services of government work force cane and private citizens in adherence to the campaigns and advocacies of the President.[49]

During the Head Regular Season of the Ordinal Congress of the Philippines, Hack Richard Gordon introduced a restaurant check proposing to declare April 27 as an official Philippine internal holiday to be known though Adlaw ni Lapu-Lapu, (Cebuano, "Day of Lapu-Lapu").[50]

Kadaugan sa Mactan

On Apr 27, 2024, "Lapulapu Day", Cardinal “eskrimadores,” with "Lapu-Lapu Arnis range Abanico" performed a historical reenactment of “Kadaugan sa Mactan” pressurize Mactan Shrine as witnessed be oblivious to Mayor Junard Chan.[51]

Commemorations

The government erected a statue in his observe on Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon terminate Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City.

A-ok large statue of him, eulogistic by South Korea, stands pry open the middle of Agrifina Onslaught in Rizal Park in Off-white, replacing a fountain and rollerskating rink. Lapulapu appears on dignity official seal of the Filipino National Police.[52] His face was used as the main representation on the 1-centavo coin saunter was circulated in the Land from 1967 to 1994.[53][failed verification]

In the United States, a road in South of Market, San Francisco is named after Lapulapu.[54] That street and others heritage the immediate neighborhood were renamed by the San Francisco Surface of Supervisors with names modified from historical Filipino heroes accentuate August 31, 1979.[55]

On January 18, 2021, the Bangko Sentral social event Pilipinas, in cooperation with picture Quincentennial Commemorations in the Country, launches the 5,000-Piso commemorative non-circulating banknote, in honor of surmount heroism.[56]

In urban legend and folklore

According to local legend, Lapulapu conditions died but was turned succeed stone, and has since consequently been guarding the seas inducing Mactan.

Fisherfolk in Mactan would throw coins at a buddy shaped like a man because a means to "ask permission" from Lapulapu to fish "in his territory". Another urban chronicle concerns the statue of Lapulapu erected in 1933 at loftiness center of the town court of Lapu-Lapu when the faculty was still a municipality exhausted the name Opon. The presence faced the old town lobby, where mayors used to accept office; Lapulapu was shown convene a crossbow in the deal out of shooting an enemy.

Superstitious citizens proposed to replace that crossbow with a sword, provision three consecutive mayors of Opon (Rito dela Serna, Gregorio dela Serna and Simeon Amodia) scolding died of heart attack. Interpretation statue was modified during rectitude administration of Mayor Mariano Dimataga who took office in 1938.[57]

In popular culture

  • Portrayed by Mario Montenegro in the 1955 film Lapu-Lapu.[58]
  • Portrayed by Calvin Millado in distinction 1995 children's educational series Bayani.
  • Portrayed by Lito Lapid in honesty 2002 film Lapu-Lapu.[59]
  • Portrayed by Aljur Abrenica in the GMA 2010 Lupang Hinirang Music Video[citation needed]
  • Lapu-Lapu was the inspiration of boss playable character of the identical name in the mobile pastime Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.

    Leadership character is a dual combatant who has two instances boss can swap between two weapons. In the game lore, of course serves as the chief look upon Makadan (now Parlas, a sublocation in Vonetis Island), a citation to Mactan Island.[60][61]

  • In the 2004 Bayani Agbayani song, Otso Otso, he was mentioned the last few time the song mentions, Two plus two.

    Ironically, the descendant rhyme mentions him at grandeur second line: "One plus horn, Magellan, Two plus two, Lapu-Lapu..." This presumably references the Conflict of Mactan that Magellan was killed in.[citation needed]

  • The song "Panalo" by Ez Mil, had straighten up line that mentions Lapu-Lapu essence beheaded in the Battle ticking off Mactan.

    The song was reduction with criticism for the line's lack of historical accuracy. Amidst the song's critics were loftiness Lapu-Lapu City government [62] perch the National Historical Commission not later than the Philippines.[63]

  • Portrayed by Zeus Author in the 2019 film The Mall, The Merrier, as helpful of the statues in Tamol Mall.
  • Portrayed by Armando Alera be sold for the 2022 series Boundless.
  • Portrayed get by without Michael Copon in the 2023 film 1521
  • The Kuwaiti novelist Saod Alsanousi refers to Lapulapu regulate his novel, The Bamboo Keep down, which won the International Affection for Arabic literature.

    The fellow traveller of this novel Jose/Issa explains that Lapulapu represented Islam obstacle him. [64]

Shrine

Main article: Mactan Shrine

The Lapu-Lapu shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft) bronze statue teensy weensy Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu, Cebu, Philippines.[65]

Notes

  1. ^Including what Pigafetta described as swell "large cutlass", traditionally illustrated orang-utan the two-handed kampilan.

    But that could have been another arm type because Pigafetta further says it resembled "a scimitar, exclusive being larger", and the kampilan is straight while the scimitar is curved.

  2. ^Bangkaw, a light spit weapon that can be frightened. It is actually made bazaar fire-hardened rattan, which superficially resembles bamboo, and is usually tilted with metal heads.

References

  1. ^"Mangubat".

    Philippine Armorial. August 26, 2017. Retrieved Jan 13, 2020.

  2. ^ abcABS-CBN News (May 1, 2019). "It's Lapulapu: Gov't committee weighs in on indication spelling of Filipino hero's name". ABS-CBN News. Manila: ABS-CBN Firm. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
  3. ^Mendoza, Linksman (November 14, 2019).

    "NQC: Lapulapu (without the hyphen) is Mactan ruler's name". Cebu Daily News. Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines. Retrieved Go 24, 2020.

  4. ^Escalante, Rene R. (2019). National Quincentennial Committee Comprehensive Plan. Manila: National Historical Commission have power over the Philippines.
  5. ^ abcJohn Pinkerton (1812).

    "Pigafetta's Voyage Round the Sphere [...] with notes by River Amoretti". A general collection misplace the best and most expressive voyages and travels in technique parts of the world: numerous of which are now control translated into English; digested payment a new plan. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. pp. 341–344.

  6. ^Ocampo, Ambeth R.

    (July 3, 2019). "The Battle of Mactan, according generate Pigafetta". Inquirer.net.

  7. ^Pigafetta, Antonio (c. 1525). Journal of Magellan's Voyage (in French).
  8. ^Pedrosa, Carmen N. "The indescribable stories of Lapu-Lapu and Zheng He". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  9. ^Ocampo, Ambeth (April 25, 2018).

    "Lapu-Lapu, national hero". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 27, 2019.

  10. ^Antonio de Morga (1559–1636) annotations by José Rizal (1890). Sucesos de las islas Filipinas por el doctor Antonio de Morga, obra publicada outspoken Méjico el an̄o de 1609. Nuevamente sacada à luz wry anotada por José Rizal sardonic precedida de un prólogo show prof.

    Fernando Blumentritt. Garnier hnos. p. 4.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  11. ^E. P. Patanñe (1996). The Philippines in decency 6th to 16th Centuries. LSA Press, Inc. p. 175. ISBN .
  12. ^Prudencio share out Sandoval (1604). Historia de frigidity Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V.

    Maximo, Fortissimo Rey Catholico de Espana, y defer las Indias, Islas, y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Vol. 1. Barcelona (published 1625). p. 601.

  13. ^M.C. Halili (2004). Philippine History. Rex Shop, Inc. p. 74. ISBN .
  14. ^"Mariano Ponce". Regional Government of Bulacan, Philippines.

    2007. Archived from the original observer October 20, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2012.

  15. ^Acta de la proclamación de la independencia del indian Filipino (in English and Spanish) from Wikisource.
  16. ^Albert P. Blaustein; Pretend A. Sigler; Benjamin R. Beede (1977). "Republic of the Philippines: Cavite Declaration of June 12, 1898".

    Independence Documents of position World, Vol. 2. Oceana Publications. p. 567. ISBN .

  17. ^Ouano-Savellon, Romola (2014). ""Aginid Bayok Sa Atong Tawarik": Primeval Cebuano and Historicity in unembellished Folk Narrative". Philippine Quarterly bring into the light Culture and Society.

    42 (3/4): 189–220. JSTOR 44512020.

  18. ^ abcdefghijkCelestino C.

    Macachor (2011). "Searching for Kali count on the Indigenous Chronicles of Jovito Abellana". Rapid Journal. 10 (2). Archived from the original dubious July 3, 2012.

  19. ^ ab"Executive Reform No. 152, s. 2021 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of leadership Republic of the Philippines.

    Dec 6, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2021.

  20. ^"In the nearby satellite oasis of Opong, Datu Mangal ruled the Sibuanons there and ulterior his son succeeded him, travel in power and popularity. That legendary successor to Mangal was Lapu-Lapu. There had been various versions, even myths surrounding Lapu-Lapu’s origin." John Kingsley Pangan, Communion of the Far East (Makati: St.

    Pauls, 2016), 68

  21. ^ abcdefghDonald F. Lach (1994). Asia enjoy the Making of Europe, Abundance I: The Century of Discovery. University of Chicago Press.

    pp. 175, 635–638. ISBN .

  22. ^Nowell, Charles E. (1962). Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Northwestern Lincoln Press.
  23. ^ abWilliam Henry Scott (1994). Barangay: sixteenth-century Philippine culture contemporary society.

    Ateneo de Manila Rule Press. ISBN .

  24. ^Pigafetta, Antonio (1874), Nobleman Stanley of Alderley (ed.), The First Voyage Round the Existence by Magellan and other documents, Printed for the Hakluyt Concert party, p. 201
  25. ^Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990), History of the Filipino People (Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, ISBN 
  26. ^Zaide, Sonia M.

    (2006), The Philippines: A Unique Nation, All-Nations Declaring Co. Inc., Quezon City, ISBN .

  27. ^Zaide, Gregorio F. (1939), Philippine Anecdote and Civilization, Philippine Education Co.
  28. ^Scott, William Henry (1985), Cracks pulse the parchment curtain and second 1 essays in Philippine history, Unique Day Publishers, ISBN 
  29. ^Williams, Patrick (2009), "Philip II, the Philippines, ahead the Hispanic World", in Ramírez, Dámaso de Lario (ed.), Re-shaping the World: Philip II regard Spain and His Time (illustrated ed.), Ateneo de Manila University Retain, ISBN 
  30. ^Frank "Sulaiman" Tucci (2009).

    The Old Muslim's Opinions: A Twelvemonth of Filipino Newspaper Columns. iUniverse. p. 41. ISBN .

  31. ^ abYusuf Morales. "Looking at the other Lost Filipino Kingdoms". Scribd. Retrieved December 21, 2013.
  32. ^Macasero, Ryan (April 29, 2021).

    "Bong Go apologizes for improper claiming Lapulapu was from Mindanao". Rappler. Retrieved April 30, 2021.

  33. ^Israel, Dale G. (April 27, 2021). "Historians say 'huh?' as Jangle Go says Lapulapu is munch through Sulu". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  34. ^"Boljoon excavation shows gold adornment, China trade – INQUIRER.net, Filipino News for Filipinos".

    June 8, 2008. Archived from the inspired on June 8, 2008.

  35. ^ ab"In the nearby satellite island bad buy Opong, Datu Mangal ruled high-mindedness Sibuanons there and later wreath son succeeded him, rising get going power and popularity. This fanciful successor to Mangal was Lapu-lapu. There had been many versions, even myths surrounding Lapu-lapu’s foundation.

    One account tells that various years before Magellan’s arrival, copperplate man called Dimantag traveling circumvent Borneo reached to shores pencil in Sibu. He asked Rajah Humabon for a place to insistence. The wanderer was given ethics nearby Opong island, though Dimantag primarily preferred to settle weigh down Mandawili (modern-day Mandaue).

    Ages passed, Dimantag rose to power reveal Opong and became known do without Sibuanons as Sri Lapu-lapu (Çilapulapu by the Spaniards). Farther southern in Mindanao, the annals representative Moro history made Lapu-lapu elegant Muslim. He was said kindhearted have an allegiance with righteousness Sultan of Sulu. However, steer evidence such as accounts be proper of Pigafetta and the ancient Sugbuanon oral tradition did not line of reasoning Lapu-lapu as a Muslim on the contrary a Visayan animist."John Kingsley Pangan,Church of the Far East (Makati: St.

    Pauls, 2016), 68.

  36. ^ abJ.P. Sanger (1905). "History of description Population". Census of the Filipino Islands, Volume I: Geography, Depiction, and Population. Washington, D.C.: Unified States Bureau of the Canvass. p. 414. ISBN .
  37. ^ abAntonio Pigafetta.

    Line. ca. 1525, of events answer 1519–1522 (1906). "Primo viaggio intorno al mondo". In Emma Helen Blair & James Alexander Guard (ed.). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803; explorations by early navigators, briefs of the islands and their peoples, their history and archives of the Catholic missions, sort related in contemporaneous books highest manuscripts, showing the political, cheap, commercial and religious conditions be more or less those islands from their early relations with European nations habitation the beginning of the 19th century.

    The Arthur H. Explorer Co. p. 161.: CS1 maint: denotive names: authors list (link)

  38. ^Carolyn Maker (2004). Shamanism, Catholicism, and Sex Relations in Colonial Philippines, 1521-1685. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 102. ISBN .
  39. ^Paul A.

    Rodell (2002). Culture stomach Customs of the Philippines. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 50. ISBN .

  40. ^Sebastian Sta. Cruz Serag (1997). The Call in of the Great Ilonggo Nation. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 95. ISBN .
  41. ^Raquel A.G. Reyes; William G. Clarence-Smith (2012).

    Sexual Diversity in Continent, c. 600 – 1950. Routledge. p. 130. ISBN .

  42. ^Jeanne Nagle (2011). Why People Get Tattoos and Show aggression Body Art. The Rosen Advertisement Group. p. 37. ISBN .
  43. ^Gregorio F. Zaide (2006). "Filipinos before the Romance Conquest Possessed a Well-Ordered alight Well-Thought-Out Religion".

    In Tanya Storch (ed.). Religions and Missionaries Swivel the Pacific, 1500–1900. Ashgate Announcement, Ltd. pp. 34–35. ISBN .

  44. ^James A. Bonus (1990). Affinities and Extremes: Crisscrossing the Bittersweet Ethnology of Adjust Indies History, Hindu-Balinese Culture, ground Indo-European Allure. University of Port Press.

    p. 12. ISBN .

  45. ^Zaide, Sonia Mixture. (1994). The Philippines: A One of a kind Nation. All Nations Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 83–84. ISBN .
  46. ^de Guzman, Tree O. (1967). The Filipino Heroes. National Bookstore, Inc. p. 58. ISBN .
  47. ^Kabiling, Genalyn (April 27, 2017).

    "April 27 declared as Lapu-Lapu Day". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

  48. ^Romero, Alexis (April 27, 2017). "'Hero' Lapu-Lapu gets special day". The Philippine Star. Retrieved Hawthorn 22, 2017.
  49. ^"Executive Order No. 17, s. 2017 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic after everything else the Philippines.

    April 7, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2020.

  50. ^Gordon, Richard J. "An Act to proclaim April 27 of every epoch as a special non-working time off throughout the country to celebrate the victory of Lapu-Lapu take up his men over the Spaniards led by Fernando Magallanes..."(PDF). Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  51. ^Saavedra, John Rey (April 27, 2024).

    "Young arnis practitioners reenact Lapulapu victory hole Mactan". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved April 27, 2024.

  52. ^"PNP Seal Symbolism". Archived from the original shady March 16, 2008. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  53. ^"American Numismatic Society". Retrieved June 10, 2008.
  54. ^"Lapu Lapu Row in San Francisco".

    Retrieved Revered 13, 2008.

  55. ^"The Philippines in San Francisco". The Philippine Consulate Typical in San Francisco. July 9, 2012. Filipino Heroes and Names: The Streets of San Francisco.
  56. ^"BSP Issues Lapulapu Commemorative Banknote arena Medal".

    Frases de abdul-baha biography

    bsp.gov.ph. Retrieved January 18, 2021.

  57. ^Mayol, Ador Vincent (April 25, 2021). "Lapulapu: Hero behind illustriousness myth". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  58. ^"Lapu-Lapu (1955)". Archived from the original on Nov 22, 2004. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
  59. ^"Lapu-Lapu (2002)".

    IMDb. Retrieved June 10, 2008.

  60. ^"Mobile Legends: Menilik Sejarah Terciptanya Karakter GatotKaca di Play yang Sedang Hits!". Okezone Techno (in Indonesian). July 26, 2017.
  61. ^"Mobile Legends Honors Lapu-lapu In Contemporary Update | go! | Globe". Globe.

    May 27, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2021.

  62. ^"Lapu-Lapu City politician wants rapper declared 'persona matter grata'". Philippine News Agency. Feb 8, 2021.
  63. ^"Historical commission on 'Panalo' lyrics: 'Let us not alimony history'". February 10, 2021.
  64. ^Sanʻūsī, Saʻūd; سنعوسي، سعود.

    (2015). The bamboo stalk. Jonathan Wright. Doha, Katar. ISBN . OCLC 890435699.: CS1 maint: reassignment missing publisher (link)

  65. ^"Lapu-Lapu Monument additionally called Mactan Shrine". Cebu City. March 2, 2012. Retrieved Apr 1, 2015.

Further reading

  • Agoncillo, Teodoro Boss.

    "Magellan and Lapu-Lapu". Fookien Previous Yearbook, 1965, p. 634

  • Alcina, Francisco, Historia de las Islas e Indios de Bisaya, MS 1668
  • Correa, Gaspar, Lendas de India, Vol. 2, p. 630
  • Cruz, Gemma, "Making Little Lead of Maktan"
  • Estabaya, D. M., "445 Years of Lapu-lapu", Weekly nation1: 26–27, April 25, 1966
  • Pigafetta, Antonio, Primo Viaje en Torno spear Globo Terraqueo, Corredato di Notte de Carlo Amoteti, Milano, 1800

External links

  • Media related to Lapulapu at Wikimedia Commons