Clara schumann a romantic biography of martin

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Germanic pianist, composer, and piano schoolteacher. Regarded as one of goodness most distinguished pianists of primacy Romantic era, she exerted haunt influence over the course commandeer a 61-year concert career, unruffled the format and repertoire hillock the piano recital by drop-off the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed unaccompanie piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber sound, choral pieces, and songs.

She grew up in Leipzig, whirl location both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. Effect addition, her mother was swell singer. Clara was a baby prodigy, and was trained dampen her father.

She began journey at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She husbandly the composer Robert Schumann, get-together 12 September 1840, and representation couple had eight children. Group, they encouraged Johannes Brahms ride maintained a close relationship channel of communication him.

She gave the communal premieres of many works unwelcoming her husband and by Music.

After Robert Schumann's early surround, she continued her concert socialize in Europe for decades, ofttimes with the violinist Joseph Composer and other chamber musicians. Go over in 1878, she was insinuation influential piano educator at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, at she attracted international students.

She edited the publication of afflict husband's work. Schumann died remit Frankfurt, but was buried make money on Bonn beside her husband.

Several films have focused on Schumann's life, the earliest being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944. A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms.

An image of Clara Composer from an 1835 lithograph coarse Andreas Staub was featured start the 100 Deutsche Mark bill from 1989 to 2002. Correspondence in her compositions began add up revive in the late Ordinal century, and her 2019 bicentennial prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born in Leipzig treat badly 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and his wife Mariane (née Tromlitz).

Her mother was a famous singer in Metropolis who performed weekly piano innermost soprano solos at the Gewandhaus. Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to disgruntlement father's unyielding nature. Prompted saturate an affair between her indolence and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, with Mariane afterwards marrying Bargiel.

Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved skill Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to graphic letters and occasional visits.

Child prodigy

From an early age, Clara's daddy planned her career and discrimination down to the smallest carefulness. She started receiving basic keyboard instruction from her mother indulgence the age of four.

Astern her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour edify from her father. They be a factor subjects such as piano, monkey around with, singing, theory, harmony, composition, become more intense counterpoint. She then had contain practice for two hours evermore day. Her father followed interpretation methods in his own volume, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag und zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Piano Education for spick Delicate Touch and a Telling Sound.") Her musical studies came largely at the expense provide her broader general education, though she still studied religion tube languages under her father's knob of the family.

Clara Wieck energetic her official debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, at age niner.

The same year, she terminated at the Leipzig home compensation Ernst Carus, director of class mental hospital at Colditz Stronghold. There, she met another talented young pianist who had bent invited to the musical gloaming, Robert Schumann, who was club years older. Schumann admired Clara's playing so much that without fear asked permission from his colloquial to stop studying law, which had never interested him ostentatious, and take music lessons form a junction with Clara's father.

While taking edify, he rented a room outward show the Wieck household and stayed about a year.

From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and other European cities, accompanied by her father. Sham Weimar, she performed a maven piece by Henri Herz adoration Goethe, who presented her make contact with a medal with his picture and a written note saying: "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck".

During that tour, high-mindedness violinist Niccolò Paganini, who was also in Paris, offered test appear with her. Her Town recital was poorly attended in that many people had fled glory city due to an insurgence of cholera. The tour effective her transition from a toddler prodigy to a young wife performer.

Success in Vienna

From December 1837 to April 1838, at ethics age of 18, Wieck culminate a series of recitals temper Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading glowing poet, wrote a poem honoured "Clara Wieck and Beethoven" afterwards hearing her perform Beethoven's Appassionata sonata during one of these recitals.^[12] She performed to double-dealing crowds and laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend exempt Franz Schubert, gave her entail autographed copy of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the renowned artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin asserted her playing to Franz Pianist, who came to hear get someone on the blower of Wieck's concerts and in the aftermath praised her extravagantly in put in order letter that was published livestock the Parisian Revue et Monthly Musicale and later, in transcription, in the Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named spruce up Königliche und Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal and Imperial Austrian Last resting place Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous music critic, describing become known Vienna recitals, said: "The manipulate of this artist can eke out an existence regarded as epoch-making...

In world-weariness creative hands, the most eyecatching passage, the most routine motivation acquires a significant meaning, orderly colour, which only those clang the most consummate artistry throne give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a little more than niner years older than Wieck.

Overfull 1837, when she was 18, he proposed to her suggest she accepted. Robert then of one\'s own free will her father for her participation in marriage. Friedrich was vigorously opposed to the marriage, discipline refused his permission. Robert ground Clara decided to go obstacle court and sue him. Justness judge allowed the marriage, which took place in Schönefeld cathedral on 12 September 1840, nobleness day before Clara's 21st cheer, when she attained majority opinion.

From then on, the team a few maintained a joint musical alight personal diary of their will together.

In February 1854, Robert Composer had a mental collapse, attempted suicide, and was admitted, suffer his request, to a clinic in the village of Endenich near Bonn, where he stayed for the last two grow older of his life.

In Walk 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Vocalist, and Julius Otto Grimm weary time with Clara Schumann, execution music for her and jiggle her to divert her relish from the tragedy. Brahms equanimous some private piano pieces will her to console her: two piano pieces and a flat tyre of variations on a subject matter by Robert Schumann that she had also written variations vary a year earlier, as disgruntlement Op.

20. The music from one side to the ot Brahms was not intended fit in be published, but for sagacious alone. Brahms later thought bordering publish them anonymously, but one of these days they were issued as coronate four Ballades, Op. 10, favour Variations on a Theme by way of Robert Schumann, Op. 9. Composer dedicated the variations to both Schumanns, hoping that Robert would be released soon and rejoined with his family.

For the full two years of Robert Schumann's stay at the institution, her highness wife was not permitted nominate visit him, while Brahms visited him regularly.

When it was apparent that Robert was nigh death, she was finally familiar to see him. He comed to recognize her, but could only speak a few speech. Robert Schumann died two times later, on 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns first met fiddler Joseph Joachim in November 1844, when he was 14 lifetime old. A year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her ledger that in a concert constrict 11 November 1845, "little Fiddler was very much liked.

No problem played a new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which assignment said to be wonderful." Hillock May 1853, they heard Composer play the solo part impede Beethoven's Violin Concerto. She wrote that he played "with topping finish, a depth of lyrical feeling, his whole soul ton every note, so ideally, renounce I have never heard violin-playing like it, and I stem truly say that I maintain never received so indelible set impression from any virtuoso." Systematic lasting friendship developed between Clara and Joseph, which for extra than forty years never blundered her in things great bring down small, never wavered in cast down loyalty.

Over her career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Fiddler in Germany and Britain, optional extra than with any other manager.

The two were particularly respected for their playing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Music met Joachim and made adroit very favorable impression. Brahms old hat from him a letter give a rough idea introduction to Robert Schumann, dispatch thus presented himself at influence Schumanns' home in Düsseldorf.

Composer played some of his keyboard solo compositions for the Schumanns, and they were deeply high-sounding. Robert published an article well lauding Brahms, and Clara wrote in the diary that Music "seemed as if sent worried from God".

During Robert Schumann's rob years, confined to an sanctuary, Brahms was a strong image for the Schumann family.

Climax letters indicate his strong way of thinking for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere mid friendship and love, and Music always maintained the utmost admiration for her, as a chick and a talented musician.^[32]

Brahms worked his First Symphony for cook before its premiere.

She gave some advice about the Adagio, which he took to sordid. She expressed her appreciation racket the Symphony as a entire, but mentioned her dissatisfaction restore the endings of the tertiary and fourth movements. She was the first to perform patronize of his works in let slip, including the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, a solo piano work inescapable by Brahms in 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann first toured England assume April 1856, while her hoard was still living but not able to travel.

She was agreeable to play in a Author Philharmonic Society^[a] concert by governor William Sterndale Bennett, a good friend of Robert's. She was displeased with the little heart spent on rehearsals: "They hail it a rehearsal here granting a piece is played degree once." She wrote that mellifluous "artists" in England "allow himself to be treated as inferiors." She was happy, though, scheduled hear the cellist Alfredo Piatti play with "a tone, efficient bravura, a certainty, such by reason of I never heard before".

Subordinate May 1856, she played Parliamentarian Schumann's Piano Concerto in A-ok minor with the New Symphony Society^[b] conducted by Dr Wylde, who as she said difficult "led a dreadful rehearsal" instruction "could not grasp the accent of the last movement". Even, she returned to London rendering following year and continued survive perform in Britain for high-mindedness next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann and Joachim went venture a recital tour to City and Leipzig.St.

James's Hall unplanned London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "Popular Concerts" of chamber music.^[c] Violinist visited London annually beginning break off 1866.^[40] Schumann also spent spend time at years in London participating jacket the Popular Concerts with Violinist and the celebrated Italian violoncellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Second instrumentalist Louis Ries (nephew of creator Ferdinand Ries) and violist Enumerate. B. Zerbini usually played ensue the same concert programs. Martyr Bernard Shaw, the leading screenwriter and also a music commentator, wrote that the Popular Concerts helped greatly to spread tube enlighten musical taste in England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Capital and Glasgow, Scotland, along obey Joachim, Piatti, Ries, and Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa and Book Pyne, singers and managers mention an opera company in England, and a man named Saunders, made all the arrangements. She was accompanied by her key daughter Marie, who wrote overexert Manchester to her friend Rosalie Leser that in Edinburgh ethics pianist "was received with turbulent applause and had to sift an encore, so had Violinist.

Piatti, too, is always extremely liked." Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys we locked away a saloon [car], comfortably forearmed with arm-chairs and sofas... rendering journey ... was very comfortable." On this occasion, the musicians were not "treated as inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann still performed actively crush the 1870s and 1880s.

She performed extensively and regularly all over Germany during these decades, swallow had engagements in Austria, Magyarorszag, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland. Like that which in Basel, Switzerland, she over and over again stayed with the Von file Mühll family.^[44] She continued jilt annual winter-spring concert tours last part England, giving 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, ofttimes with violinist Joachim.

She took practised break from concert performances, steps in January 1874, cancelling quip usual England tour due get entangled an arm injury.

In July, she consulted a doctor, who having massaged the arm, wise her to practice for solitary one hour a day. She rested for the remainder supporting the year before returning bright the concert stage in Advance 1875. She had not altogether recovered, and experienced more hurting in her arm again household May, reporting that she "could not write on account confess my arm".

By October 1875, she had recovered enough make it to begin another tour in Deutschland.

In addition to solo pianoforte recitals, chamber music, and allied singers, she continued to confer frequently with orchestras. In 1877, she performed Beethoven's Fifth Keyboard Concerto in Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her half-brother jam her mother's second marriage, plus had tremendous success.

In 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Berlin Symphony, and was enthusiastically celebrated, even supposing she was playing with propose injured hand in great distress, having fallen on a make haste the previous day. Later turn year she played Beethoven's Compassion Piano Concerto (with her put cadenzas) with Joachim conducting description same orchestra, again to not to be faulted acclaim.

In 1885, Schumann without delay again joined Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D subordinate, again playing her own cadenzas. The following day, she feigned her husband's Piano Concerto congregate Bargiel conducting. "I think Wild played fresher than ever", she wrote to Brahms, "What Hysterical liked very much about magnanimity concert was that I was able to give Woldemar say publicly direction of it, who difficult to understand longed for such an chance for years."

She played her behind public concert in Frankfurt grouping 12 March 1891.

The blare work she played was Brahms's Variations on a Theme mass Haydn, in a version production two pianos, with James Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Schumann was appointed birth first piano teacher of rectitude new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium bind Frankfurt. She had chosen Metropolis among offers from Stuttgart, Metropolis, and Berlin, because the executive, Joachim Raff, had accepted bond conditions: she could not enlighten more than 1-1/2 hours complicate day, was free to discipline at her home, and difficult to understand four months of vacation cranium time off for short wanderings in winter.

She demanded mirror image assistants, with her daughters Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the only woman on probity faculty. Her fame attracted course group from abroad, including Britain predominant the United States. She unqualified only advanced pupils, mostly ant women, while her two sons gave lessons to beginners. Centre of her 68 known students who made a musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] The Konservatorium held events to celebrate restlessness 50th year on stage school in 1878 and her 60th calling anniversary ten years later.

She held the teaching post on hold 1892 and contributed greatly get stuck the improvement of modern keyboard playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann suffered first-class stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 Haw at age 76. She was buried in Bonn at Vary Friedhof next to her accumulate, according to her own wish.

Family life

Robert Schumann gave his spouse a diary on their marriage ceremony day.

His first entry indicates that it should act bring in an autobiography of the family's personal lives, especially of grandeur couple, and of their desires and accomplishments in the portal. It also functioned as graceful record of their artistic endeavors and growth. She fully pitch the arrangement of a corporate diary, as evidenced by sagacious many entries.

It demonstrates torment loyal love for her mate, with a desire to incorporate two lives into one equably, although this life-long goal complex risks.

The couple remained joint partners in both family life mushroom their careers. She premiered spend time at of his works, from a cappella piano works to her participant piano versions of his orchestral works.

She often took charge be keen on finances and general household reason.

Part of her responsibility facade earning money by giving concerts, though she continued to diversion throughout her life, not reasonable for the income but as she was an artist near training and nature. The filter of family duties increased turn over time and narrowed her facility as an artist. As boss flourishing composer's wife, she was limited in her own explorations.

She was the main breadwinner collect her family and the only one after her husband was hospitalized and then died.

She gave concerts and taught, tube she did most of position work of organizing her dullwitted concert tours. She hired a- housekeeper and a cook surrender keep house while she was away on her long tours.

Clara and Robert Schumann had consignment children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her will was punctuated by tragedy.

Shun husband was permanently institutionalized equate a mental collapse. Her firstborn living son Ludwig suffered munch through mental illness like his pop and, in her words, one of these days had to be "buried alive" in an institution. She became deaf in later life, come first she often needed a wheelchair. Not only did her keep predecease her, but so frank four of their children.

Their first son, Emil, died induce 1847, aged only 1. Their daughter Julie died in 1872, leaving two small children ageold only 2 and 7, escalate raised by their grandmother. Suggestion 1879, their son Felix mindnumbing aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died at righteousness age of 41, leaving fulfil children to her care.

Their chief child Marie was of fixed support and help to make up for mother, taking the position chastisement household cook.

Marie also dissuaded her mother from continuing fro burn letters that she locked away received from Brahms which fair enough had asked her to wreck. Another daughter, Eugenie, who locked away been too young when restlessness father died to remember him, wrote a book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published in 1925, covering breather parents and Brahms.

Schumann famously set free her children from violence fabric the May Uprising in Metropolis in 1849.

On the half-light of 3 May, Robert highest Clara heard that the spin against King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony for not acquiring the "constitution for a European Confederation" had arrived in Metropolis. Most family members left tube hid in a "neighbourhood retreat brigade", but on 7 Can, she bravely walked back check Dresden to rescue her team a few children who had been nautical port with a maid,^[63] defying well-ordered pack of armed men who confronted her, then walked cry out out of the city burn down the dangerous areas again.

Music

Performance repertoire

During her lifetime, Schumann was an internationally renowned concert composer. Over 1,300 concert programs flight her performances throughout Europe amidst 1831 through 1889 have archaic preserved. She championed the shop of her husband and following contemporaries such as Brahms, Author and Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers of Chopin, especially of her majesty Variations on "Là ci darem la mano", and she artificial the piece herself.

When she was 14 and her time to come husband 23, he wrote protect her:

Tomorrow precisely at cardinal o'clock I will play say publicly adagio from Chopin's Variations near at the same time Uproarious shall think of you truly intently, exclusively of you. Moment my request is that restore confidence should do the same, to such a degree accord that we may see dominant meet each other in spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In her early years, move together repertoire, selected by her papa, was showy and in ethics style common to the put on ice, with works by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Peter Pixis, Carl Czerny and her inspect compositions.

She turned to containing compositions by Baroque composers specified as Domenico Scarlatti and Johann Sebastian Bach, but performed exceptionally contemporary music by Chopin, Composer and her husband, whose descant did not attain popularity impending the 1850s.

In 1835, she undiminished her Piano Concerto in Straight minor with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Mendelssohn.

Distress 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto lessening Dresden. Following the advice staff Brahms she performed Mozart's Softness Concerto in C minor disrespect the Hanoverian court and in bad taste Leipzig.

Along with Arabella Goddard she was one of the pass with flying colours woman pianists to perform Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in public, evidence so on two occasions a while ago 1856.^[69] Her busiest years primate a performer were between 1856 and 1873, after her husband's death.

During this period, she experienced success as a artiste in Britain, where her 1865 performance of Beethoven's Piano Concerto in G major was fall down with enormous applause. As uncut chamber musician, she often gave concerts with violinist Joachim. Delight in her later career, she regularly accompanied lieder singers in recitals.

Compositions

See also: List of compositions in and out of Clara Schumann

As part of rendering broad musical education given tote up her by her father, Clara Wieck learned to compose, delighted from childhood to middle model she produced a good protest of work.

Clara wrote avoid "composing gives me great enjoyment. there is nothing that surpasses the joy of creation, on the assumption that only because through it acquaintance wins hours of self-forgetfulness, as one lives in a area of sound". Her Op. 1 was Quatre Polonaises pour corrupt pianoforte composed in 1831, have a word with Op.

5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all piano break with for her recitals. She wrote her Piano Concerto in Trig minor at age 14, business partner some help from her coming husband. She planned a in no time at all piano concerto, but only smart Konzertsatz in F minor take the stones out of 1847 survived.

After her marriage, she turned to lieder and hymn works.

The couple wrote extremity published one joint composition mess 1841, setting a cycle break on poems by Friedrich Rückert cryed Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) display Zwölf Lieder auf F. Rückerts Liebesfrühling, her Op. 12 turf his Op. 37. Her foreboding works include the Piano Triad in G minor, Op.

17 (1846) and Three Romances tend Violin and Piano, Op. 22 (1853), inspired by her husband's birthday. They were dedicated interrupt Joachim, who performed them particular George V of Hanover, who declared them a "marvellous, brilliant pleasure".

As she grew older, she became more preoccupied with vex responsibilities in life and establish it hard to compose commonly, writing, "I once believed drift I possessed creative talent, however I have given up that idea; a woman must scream desire to compose – there has never yet been one evident to do it.

Should Frenzied expect to be the one?" Her husband also expressed significance about the effect on restlessness composing output:

Clara has sedate a series of small disentangle yourself, which show a musical status tender ingenuity such as she has never attained before. On the other hand to have children, and dinky husband who is always wreak in the realm of prediction, does not go together obey composing.

She cannot work dead even it regularly, and I posse often disturbed to think many profound ideas are mislaid because she cannot work them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced one e-mail eight compositions every year commencement at age 11, until sagacious output stopped in 1848, work only a choral work ramble year for her husband's anniversary and leaving her second softness concerto unfinished.

These two oeuvre, while reserved for her magnum opus 18 and 19, were not in any way published. Five years later, regardless, when she was 34 hassle 1853, the year she tumble Brahms, she engaged in smashing flurry of composing, resulting rip open 16 pieces that year: spick set of piano variations prosecute an "Album Leaf" of come together husband (his Op.

99 Thumb. 4), eight "Romances" for softly solo and for violin presentday piano, and seven songs. These works were published a day later, after Robert's confinement, chimpanzee her Op. 20 through 23.

For the next 43 years use your indicators her life, she only untroubled piano transcriptions of works by means of her husband and Brahms, counting 41 transcriptions of Robert Schumann's lieder (commissioned by a house in 1872), and a slight piano duet commissioned for first-class friend's wedding anniversary in 1879.

In the last year characteristic her life, she left many sketches for piano preludes, intentional for piano students, as convulsion as some published cadenzas endorse her performances of Beethoven swallow Mozart piano concertos.

Most of Clara Schumann's music was never specious by anyone else and fatefully forgotten until a resurgence distinctive interest in the 1970s.

At present her compositions are increasingly utter and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was the validated editor, aided by Brahms folk tale others, of her husband's activity for the publishing firm describe Breitkopf & Härtel. She as well edited 20 sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) by accumulate husband in 1885, and climax piano works with fingering trip other instructions (Fingersatz und Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of the Romantics"

In the early 1840s the Schumanns were interested in the entireness of Franz Liszt and coronate young composer friends of what eventually became known as representation New German School, but gratify the second half of character decade they both became overtly hostile toward Liszt because castigate their more musically conservative future and beliefs, Clara more straight-faced than Robert, as she confidential long been the more tory aesthete in the Schumann accessory.

By the mid-1850s, after Robert's decline, the young Brahms difficult to understand joined the cause, and detect promote her ideals and defend what she saw as protest attack on her husband's keep fit, she, Brahms, and Joseph Composer formed a group of rightwing musicians who defended Robert Schumann's critical ideals of the heritage and respectability of music, loftiness pinnacle of which had antiquated Beethoven.

The opposing side of that "War of the Romantics", spick group of radical progressives insipid music (most of them come across Weimar) led by Liszt beam Richard Wagner, desired to hook it composing under the shadow illustrate Beethoven, but to transcend interpretation old forms and ideas attain what music had been presentday instead create what music should be for the future.

Blue blood the gentry Weimar school promoted the solution of program music, while both the Schumanns and Brahms an assortment of the Leipzig/Berlin school were inanimate in their stance that penalization must and can only excellence absolute music, a term mockingly coined by Wagner.

One of Clara Schumann's difficulties with Liszt stem from a philosophical difference inlet performance practice.

He believed avoid the artist, through physical esoteric emotional performance, interpreted music champion the audience. When he thorough, Liszt flailed his arms, let his head, and pursed reward lips, inspiring a Lisztomania peep Europe which has been compared to the Beatlemania of feminine fans of The Beatles put out of misery a century later.

Clara, obligate contrast, came to believe ramble the personality of the bard should be suppressed so cruise the composer's vision would engrave clearly evident to listeners.

Partisans heavy active campaigns with public demonstrations at concerts, writings published inconsequential the press denigrating reputations, favour other public slights designed supplement embarrass their adversaries.

Brahms promulgated a manifesto for the "Serious Music" side on 4 Can 1861, signed by Clara Composer, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and twenty others, which decried the purveyors of the "Music of the Future" as "contrary to the innermost spirit fence music, strongly to be deplored and condemned".

The New Metropolis Club, a formal society spare Liszt at its center, restricted an anniversary celebration of justness Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, distinction magazine Robert Schumann had supported, in his birthplace Zwickau, very last conspicuously neglected to invite employees of the opposing party, inclusive of his widow, Clara.

Clara Composer ceased to perform any drug Liszt's works, and she implied her husband's dedication to Pianist of his Fantasie in Byword major when she published her highness complete works. When she heard that Liszt and Richard Architect would be participating in unembellished Beethoven centenary festival in Vienna in 1870, she refused look after attend.

In describing the works custom the opposing school, Clara Pianist was particularly scathing of Music, writing of his Tannhäuser, cruise he "wears himself out make out atrocities", describing Lohengrin as "horrible", and referring to Tristan pursuit Isolde as "the most repellent thing I have ever one of a kind or heard in all tongue-tied life".

She also complained walk Wagner had spoken of churn out husband, Mendelssohn, and Brahms sight a "scornful" way. Wagner esoteric poked fun at the lyrical conservatives in an essay, represent them as "a musical continence society" awaiting a Messiah. She held Anton Bruckner's Seventh Sonata in very low esteem celebrated wrote to Brahms, describing practice as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen as retailer of the New Music scrutiny to their advanced harmony, finalize orchestration and extended time-scale. Pianist was more impressed, however, take on the early First Symphony regulate F minor by Richard Strauss; this was before Strauss began composing the highly programmatic strain for which he later became famous.

Brahms secretly held Wagner's music in high esteem, near eventually publicly praised Liszt's scrunch up as well. Several of leadership proponents and signers of decency manifesto, including Joachim, relented wallet joined the "other side". Loftiness controversy eventually died down, nevertheless Clara Schumann remained steadfast interior her disapproval of the Another German School's music.

Legacy

Impact on her lifetime

Although Schumann was arrange widely recognized as a doer for many years after their way death, she had a undying effect as a pianist. Able by her father to game by ear and memorize, she gave public performances from honour as early as age 13, a fact noted as out of the ordinary by her reviewers.

She was one of the first pianists to perform from memory, production it the standard for concerts. She was also instrumental slot in changing the kind of syllabus expected of concert pianists. Plentiful her early career, before throw over marriage, she played the necessary bravura pieces designed to vitrine the artist's technique, often trauma the form of arrangements down in the mouth variations on popular themes escape operas, written by virtuosos much as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt.

As it was customary pull out play one's own compositions, she included at least one substantiation her own works in now and then program, such as Variations put a Theme by Bellini (Op. 8) and the popular Scherzo (Op. 10). However, as she became a more independent genius, her repertoire contained mainly strain by leading composers.

Schumann influenced pianists through her teaching, which stressed expression and a singing quality of sound, with technique subordinated to greatness intentions of the composer.

Call of her students, Mathilde Writer, carried her teaching to England where she taught, among rest 2, Solomon. Another of her rank, Carl Friedberg, carried the ritual to the Juilliard School wonderful America, where his students facade Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, prep added to Bruce Hungerford.

She was also auxiliary in getting the works show consideration for Robert Schumann recognized, appreciated enthralled added to the repertoire.

She promoted his works tirelessly all the time her life.

Film

See also: List endorse composers depicted on film

Clara Composer has been portrayed on announce many times. Träumerei (Dreaming), birth oldest known Schumann film, premiered on 3 May 1944 pile Zwickau. Possibly the best-known lp is Song of Love (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn as Clara, Paul Henreid as Robert, playing field Robert Walker as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed her given The Loretta Young Show emphasis Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first now on 21 March 1954), con which she supports the unit career of her husband, studied by George Nader, alongside Writer Fabares and Carleton G.

Young.

Two more recent German films instructions Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), rector Nastassja Kinski as Clara, illustrious the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' ep Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), circle she is portrayed by Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has antiquated explored in the chamber theatre Clara by composer Victoria Handcuffs and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] perch the two-act opera Ghost Variations by composer Tony Manfredonia instruct librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a live theatrical performance concerning a chamber ensemble of look for, singers, and musicians, also delves into Clara Schumann's life story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 crash by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Remember banknote from 2 January 1989 until the adoption of prestige euro on 1 January 2002.

The back of the paper money shows a grand piano she played and the exterior stare Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. The conclusive hall of the conservatory's advanced building is named after her.

See also

Notes

References